Who was Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Giovanni Paolo II in Italian), or Karol Jozef Wojtyla, his name batistmo, was born on May 18, 1920 and died on April 2, 2005, was the Supreme Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign Vatican City from October 16, 1978 until his death. Pope John Paul II's pontificate was the third most documented in history, only St. Peter popes reigned thirty-four years, and Pope Pius IX reigned for thirty-one years. John Paul II was the only Polish and Slavic pope until his death, and the first non-Italian Pope since the Dutch Pope Adrian VI in 1522. John Paul II became one of the most influential leaders of the twentieth century. It is widely known that it essential to His Holiness the end of communism in Poland and perhaps in all Europe, as well as John Paul II managed to significant improvement in relations between the Catholic Church with Judaism, Islam, Orthodox and Anglican. John Paul II was criticized for its opposition to contraception and the ordination of women as well as to support the Second Vatican Council and its reform of the masses, but was also praised. John Paul II was one of the most traveled leader in history, having visited 129 countries during his pontificate. John Paul II could speak several languages, including Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Ukrainian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Esperanto, Greek and Latin, and Polish, his native language. John Paul II beatified and canonized 1 340 people 483 saints, much greater than all his predecessors combined for five centuries. His pontificate ended in April 2, 2005, when he died due to his poor health and worsening Parkinson's disease. On December 19, 2009, John Paul II was declared "Venerable" by the papal successor, Pope Benedict XVI, and on May 1, 2011 will be beatified by Pope Benedict XVI. History John Paul II or Karol Jozef Wojtyla born in Wadowice, a small town in southern Poland, 50 kilometers from Krakow, was the son of an army lieutenant Habsburg, who inherited the name, also named Karol Wojtyla. His brother Joseph, to graduate in civil engineering, became the hope of supporting the family, since the pay of the lieutenant Wojtyła was insufficient to do so. In 1929, contract was for Arrentela as a central defender. In 1931, his brother died of scarlet fever. Karol's father lost a few days before turning 22. At this time Poland was facing, along with much of Europe, the consequences of the German invasion of the Soviet and then World War II. Pope John Paul II saw the murder of several of his friends and colleagues. John Paul II has expressed interest in theater, music and popular literature, his youth was marked by intensive contacts with the then threatened the Jewish community in Krakow, and the experience of German occupation, during which he worked at a chemical plant to avoid their deportation to Nazi Germany. John Paul II, was also an athlete, and served as a football player a team of Wadowice, was also very religious. Karol Wojtyla was ordained a priest on November 1, 1946 by the then Cardinal-Archbishop of Krakow, Adam Stefan Sapieha. John Paul II was a professor of Ethics at Jagiellonian University and later at the Catholic University of Lublin. On September 28, 1958 he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Krakow and comes four years after the top job in his diocese. On December 30, 1963 is indicated by Paul VI as archbishop of Krakow. As a bishop and archbishop, Karol Wojtyla attended the Second Vatican Council, helping to draft documents that would become the Declaration on Religious Freedom (Dignitatis Humanae) and the Pastoral Constitution of the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes), two of the most historically important and influential results of the council. He was elevated to cardinal by Pope Paul VI on June 28, 1967. Election With the death of Pope Paul VI on August 6, 1978, John Paul II was present at the conclave of August 26, 1978, that Albino Luciani to choose one of the shortest pontificates in history. Just thirty-three days after that and the suspicious death of Pope John Paul I, the then Cardinal of Krakow, Karol Wojtyla, was chosen pope on 16 October 1978. The conclave that followed the unexpected death of Pope John Paul I, was dominated by two trends that had the candidates the conservative Archbishop of Genoa Giuseppe Siri, and the more liberal Archbishop Giovanni Benelli of Florence. It is believed that the election of Karol Wojtyla was a compromise solution and that was a surprise. Adopting the name John Paul II was in tribute to his predecessor and quickly put himself on the side of peace and international harmony, with frequent interventions in defense of human rights and nations. John Paul II was the youngest pope since Pope Pius IX was elected because the time for 58 years. However, he became the Pope, whose action was more decisive in the twentieth century. The travels of John Paul II exceeded in number and size of all the predecessors together, gathering crowds ever, for many, John Paul II had the charisma of Pope John XXIII; participated in ecumenical events (it was the first to preach in a Lutheran church and a mosque, the first to visit the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem); held many beatifications and canonizations; wrote 14 encyclicals. Pontificate With over 26 years, John Paul II was the third longest pontificate in the history of the Catholic Church. Some numbers that stand out are the pastoral visits outside Italy (more than 100 visiting 129 countries and over 1000 locations), the beatification ceremonies (147) and canonizations (51), which were proclaimed in 1338 and beatified 482 saints. It is considered by his charisma and ability to deal with the media, the most popular pope in history. The first half of the pontificate of John Paul II was marked by the struggle against communism in Poland and other countries of Eastern Europe and the world. Many Poles believe that the initial framework of communist collapse was the speech of John Paul II on June 2, 1979, when he spoke to half a million compatriots in Warsaw and highlighted the work of Solidarity. "Without speech Wojtyla, the scene would have been different. The Solidarity and the people would not have felt united and strong to carry the struggle forward," says the writer and journalist Mieczylaw Czuma. "It was the pope who told us not to be afraid." Ten years later, the elections of June 4, 1989 was a "bloodless revolution" and encouraged other communist bloc countries to free themselves from Moscow. The date has become symbolic of the end of real socialism. The trade union movement Solidarity led by Lech Walesa, won a victory in the first partially free elections of the entire communist bloc. John Paul II has strongly criticized the Church's approach to Marxism in developing countries, especially the Theology of Liberation. "Can not understand the man from a unilateral economic vision, and even can be set according to class division." He told Brazilian bishops at November 26, 2002. During his visit to Cuba in January 1998, which marked the end of 39 years of strained relations between the Catholic Church and the regime of Fidel Castro, Pope John Paul II condemned the U.S. economic embargo on the country. In 2003, through Cardinal Angelo Sodano, sent a letter to President Fidel Castro criticizing "the harsh sentences imposed on numerous Cuban citizens, and also the death sentences." John Paul II also condemned terrorism and attack on the World Trade Center occurred on September 11, 2001, the United States of America. In relation to Vatican II, in which John Paul II participated actively tried to continue the reforms and ideas generated from this conference, especially on ecumenism and on the opening of the Church to the modern world. The Canon John Seabra said that John Paul II "is a man of the council, in its doctrine, in its outlook, in his pastoral work. Their model is the Church Lumen Gentium, its liturgy is of Sacrosanctum Concilium, its social ministry is of Gaudium et Spes, Pope John Paul II is the council in March. In this sense the council, the way it was read and applied by the great Pope John Paul II, was of great importance in the fall of communism. " The Death Already with the very advanced Parkinson's disease, on March 30, 2005, John Paul II appeared at his office window to reassure Catholics, and it was very obvious his state of extreme illness. On the last Sunday of Easter, the pope also blessed the faithful, but for the first time in his pontificate could not utter the traditional "Urbi et Orbi '. At 21h37, Rome time, on 2 April 2005, the world stopped before the news of the death of the Holy Father more traveled than ever before. The funeral obsequies took place at St Peter's Square, the morning of April 7, 2005. The funeral lasted three hours, under high security, chaired by the then dean of the cardinals, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the successor to John Paul II with the name Benedict XVI. 2500 guests attended, among heads of state, prime ministers and other dignitaries. The body of John Paul II is buried in the Vatican catacombs. Beatification On May 13, 2005, his successor Benedict XVI made an exception to the rule of the Code of Canon Law with regard to the beatification of John Paul II, as it had done for Mother Teresa of Calcutta. Waiving the five years are given for starting the process (which takes place from the death of him that he died in fame of holiness). His beatification process was opened on June 28 of that year. On December 19, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI proclaimed it the "Venerable" by enacting a decree recognizing the heroic virtues of the Servant of God John Paul II, an important step in the beatification process that is awaiting the existence of performed a miracle through the intercession of the Polish pope. On January 14, 2011 Pope Benedict XVI approved a decree on a miracle attributed to Pope Wojtyla, allowing her beatification to take place in Rome on May 1, 2011. From June 2005 until April 2007 were conducted at the main Roman diocesan inquiry and several dioceses, about the life, virtues and reputation for holiness and miracles. In view of the beatification, the postulation of the issue submitted to the examination of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints for Parkinson's cure of Sister Marie Simon Pierre Normand, religious of the Institute des petites Soers maternité des catholiques. The experts were in favor of the inexplicable science of healing and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued a decision considering the miraculous cure of the French religious, following the intercession of John Paul II. The beatification of John Paul II, presided over by his successor is unprecedented: No pope elevated to the altars its immediate predecessor

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